Showing posts with label Kumbukumbu. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Kumbukumbu. Show all posts

Friday, July 08, 2011

Kumbukumbu - Siti Binti Saad (1880-1950)



Wadau, leo ni miaka 61 tangu mwimbaji maarufu Siti Binti Saad afariki dunia. Siti alikuwa mwimbaji wa kwanza kutoka Afrika Mashariki kwenda India kutengeneza santuri. Alichangia sana fani ya taarab hasa kwa kuimba kwa kiswahili.

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Siti binti Saad alizaliwa katika kijiji cha Fumba, Zanzibar mwaka 1880. Alipozaliwa alipewa jina la 'Mtumwa' hii ni kwa vile alizaliwa katika kipindi caha utumwa wa Kiarabu Jina la Siti alipewa na mkabaila mmoja wa kiarabu.Baba yake bwana Saadi alikuwa ni Mnyamwezi kutoka Tabora na mama yake alikuwa ni Mzigua toka Tanga, lakini wote wawili walizaliwa Zanzibari.

Hali ya maisha ya familia yao ilikuwa ni duni sana na walijishughulisha zaidi katika shughuli za kilimo na ufinyanzi kazi ambazo Siti alijifunza na kuzimudu vizuri pia.Kama waswahili wasemavyo 'kuzaliwa masikini si kufa masikini' Siti alibarikiwa kuwa na kipaji cha pekee cha uimbaji. Kipaji hiki kilimsaidia sana tangu siku za awali za maisha yake kwani alitumia uimbaji wake kuuza vyungu vya mama yake alivyokuwa akimsaidia kuvitembeza.

Siti alipoimba sauti yake iliweza kupaa na kusafiri kwa umbali wa maili nyingi na hii ndio ilikuwa ishara ya watu kujua kwamba vyungu vya kina Mtumwa vinapita leo. Alifananishwa kuwa na mapafu yenye nguvu kama ya Simba kutokana na alivyoweza kupaza sauti yake mbali na bila kuachia pumzi.Kutokana na wakati huo elimu kwa watoto wa kike kutotiliwa mkazo, Siti hakuwahi kwenda shule wala kuhudhuria mafunzo ya Kurani. Hivyo mnamo mwaka 1911 aliona ni bora ahamie mjini ili kubooresha maisha yake zaidi.

Ujio wake wa mjini ulikuwa wa neema kwani alikutana na bwana mmoja wa kundi la muziki wa Taarabu la "Nadi Ikhwani Safaa" aliyeitwa Muhsin Ali. Katika kipindi hicho hilo ndilo lilikuwa kundi pekee la muziki wa taarabu lililoanzishwa na Sultani mpenda starehe na anasa bwana Seyyid Barghash Said. Kundi hili lilikuwa ni la wanaume peke yake , wanawake hawakuruhusiwa kujiunga na vikundi vya muziki kwa vile ilikuwa ikichukuliwa kama ni uhuni. Bwana Muhsin alikiona kipaji cha pekee cha Siti na hivyo akajitolea kumfundisha kuimba kwa kufuata vyombo vya muziki na lugha ya kiarabu. Baada ya hapo alikwenda kumtambulisha kwa wanamuziki wenzie wa "Nadi Ikhwani Safaa" ambao bila kusita wakaanza kufanya naye maonyesho mbalimbali katika jamii.

Walipata mialiko mingi hasa kutoka kwa Sultani na matajiri wengine wa Kiarabu, pia katika maharusi na sherehe zingine mbalimbali, inasemekana ulifika wakati ambapo sherehe ilishindwa kufana kama Siti binti Saadi hakuwepo kutumbuiza. Siti alikuwa ni moto wa kuotea mbali na jina lake lilivuma kwa haraka sana hadi nje ya mipaka ya nchi na bara la Afrika. Na punde Siti alianza kufananishwa na 'Umm Kulthum', mwimbaji mahiri wa kike aliyetamba wakati huo kutoka Misri.Kama nilivyosema moto wa Siti ulikuwa si wa kuusogelea karibu, mwaka 1928 kampuni ya kurekodi muziki ya Columbia and His Master's voice yenye makazi yake Mumbai India ilisikia umaarufu wa Siti binti Saadi na hivyo ikamwalika yeye pamoja na kundi lake kwenda kurekodi kwa lugha ya Kiswahili ili kujaribu kama muziki wake utauzika.

Kampuni ile haikuweza kuamini jinsi muziki ule ulivyouzika kwa kasi kubwa kwani wastani wa santuri 900 ziliweza kuuzika katika kipindi cha miaka miwili ya mwanzo, na hadi kufikia 1931 santuri 72,000 zilikuwa zimeuzwa. Kutokana na kusambaa kwa santuri hizi, umaarufu wa Siti ulizidi mara dufu watu kutoka sehemu mbalimbali za dunia walikuwa wakija Zanzibari kuja kumwona. Mambo yalizidi kuwa mazuri kwa Siti hadi ikafikia hatua kampuni ya kurekodi ya Columbia kuamua kujenga studio ya kurekodi muziki palepale Zanzibar maalumu kwa ajili ya Siti binti Saadi.Hatua hiyo ya hadi kujengewa studio iliwaumiza wengi wenye wivu, hivyo wakaanza kumtungia nyimbo za kumkejeli ili kumshusha na hasa walitumia kigezo kwamba hana uzuri wa sura, nyimbo nyingi ziliimbwa lakini huu ndio uliovuma sana:-

Siti binti Saadi kawa mtu lini,
Kaja mjini na kaniki chini,
Kama si sauti angekula nini?
Na yeye kwa kujua hila za wabaya wake, akaona isiwe taabu akajibu shambulio namna hii:

-Si hoja uzuri,
Na sura jamali,
Kuwa mtukufu,
Na jadi kebeli,
Hasara ya mtu,
Kukosa akili.

Kwa kujibu shambulio hilo kwa namna yake aliwafunga midomo wale wote waliokuwa wakifumatafuata. Siti pia alikuwa ni mwanamke wa kwanza mwanaharakati katika kipindi chake, alitetea wanawake na wanyonge kwa ujumla, kwani katika kipindi chake watu matajiri walikuwa wakiwaonea masikini na walipofikishwa mbele ya haki waliweza kutoa hongo na kuachiwa huru halafu wewe uliyeshitaki ndiye unayefungwa.

Utunzi wake wa wimbo wa Kijiti ulimpatia sifa kubwa kwani ulikuwa ukielezea kisa cha kweli kilichomkuta mwanamke mmoja mgeni kutoka bara, mwanamke huyu alipofika alikutana na Tajiri mmoja ambaye alijifanya amempenda, hivyo akamchukua na kulala naye halafu baadaye akamuua. Tajiri yule alishitakiwa na bahati nzuri walikuwepo mashahidi wawili walioshuhudia tukio lile, lakini kwa vile ni Tajiri alitoa pesa na kesi ikawageukia wale mashahidi na kufungwa.

Siti akatoa wimbo huu :-'

'Tazameni tazameni,
Eti alofanya Kijiti,
Kumchukua mgeni,
Kumcheza foliti,
Kenda naye maguguni,
Kamrejesha maiti.

Siti aliendelea kumwambia katika nyimbo zake kwamba asijethubutu kwenda Dar es Salaam kwa maana watu wenye hasira wanamsubiri na wameapa kwa ajili yake.Siti aliendelea na shughuli yake ya muziki hadi uzeeni, muda mfupi kabla ya kifo chake alikutana na mwandishi maarufu na mwanamashairi Shaban Robert ambaye alimhoji na kuweza kuandika wasifu wake katika kitabu alichokiita " Wasifu wa Siti binti Saadi." Wasifu huu unaonekana kuwa ndio bora zaidi uliowahi kuandikwa katika fasihi ya Tanzania. Kitabu hiki kinatumika kufundishia shule za sekondari za Tanzania.Tarehe 8 Julai, 1950 Siti binti Saadi alifariki dunia na kuacha pengo kubwa katika fani ya Taarabu.

Ingawa pengo hilo haliwezi kuzibika lakini kuna watu wengi walioweza kuibuka na umaarufu wa kuimba taarabu kupitia kwake, mfano hai ni Bi Kidude.Hata baada ya kifo chake jina lake bado linatumika sana kama kielelezo cha ushujaa wake, Chama cha waandishi wa habari wanawake Tanzania (TAMWA), kimetumia jina lake kulipa jina gazeti la chama chao "Sauti ya Siti". Hadi leo hii Siti hutumika kama kipimo cha kufundishia uimbaji wa Taarabu. Na anakumbukwa katika historia yake ya kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Afrika mashariki kurekodi muziki katika santuri.

Wednesday, March 02, 2011

Kumbukumbu - Mwalimu Matthew Douglas Ramadhani

(pichani Mwalimu Mathew Douglas Ramadhani 1915-1961)

50th DEATH ANNIVERSARY: Meet Mwl Mathew Douglas Ramadhani

By a Correspondent, 28th February 2011

IT is 50 years today since Mwalimu Mathew Douglas Ramadhani died. Mwalimu Mathew was a man of many firsts – he was Tanzania’s first university graduate, first black education officer and first black secondary school headmaster.

Born on September 11, 1915 in Zanzibar, Mwalimu Mathew was the fifth out of 10 children of Mwalimu Augustino Ramadhani and Bibi Margaret Majaliwa. Mwalimu Augustino was the founder and the first president of the African Association (AA) of Zanzibar in 1936.

Mwl Mathew got his education at St Paul’s High School in Zanzibar from September, 1925 to July, 1931, when he completed Standard Six and proceeded to St Andrew’s College, Minaki, Kisarawe, where he obtained the Grade I Teachers’ Certificate in 1936. At Minaki, for three consecutive years, he was the Head Prefect.

He then went to Makerere College, Uganda, for two years and obtained the Cambridge School Certificate in 1938.

Because of his father’s death on August 28, 1938, he was permitted by the Director of Education of Tanganyika, who had sponsored him, to terminate his studies in Makerere and to return to Zanzibar to teach at St Paul’s High School, Kiungani, since the school had a majority of pupils from Tanga.

On September 6, 1942, he married Bridget Anne Constance Masoud, a fellow teacher who qualified in 1940 at Kitchwele Girls School, Dar es Salaam.

Five years later, in September, 1947, Mwalimu Mathew obtained a two-year Colonial Development and Welfare Scholarship for Zanzibar and went to the London Institute of Education where he obtained a Teachers’ Professional Certificate in 1948.

He was advised to proceed to a three year degree course as it would be difficult to return to England for a degree. However, the Zanzibar Government was reluctant to sponsor him beyond the initial two years.

One of the reasons given was that the government could not guarantee an employment for him as a graduate! Nevertheless, he went ahead using the funds of the remaining one year of scholarship.

He proceeded to Sheffield University where he studied English, Geography, Mathematics and Economics.

He then toiled for his second under graduate year by washing dishes in hotels and restaurants. His eldest brother, Francis Cecil Ramadhani, contributed immensely by looking after Mathew’s family of a wife and three children: Marina, Augustino and Henry.

However, he was lucky to secure a Colonial Development and Welfare Scholarship for Tanganyika for his third year and he graduated with B.A. (Econ) in 1951.

Because of the scholarship for the third year, he was required to work in Tanganyika for at least three years and he was to teach at St Andrew’s College, Minaki, Kisarawe.

However, a misunderstanding over the terms of service led him to join the Department of Education of Tanganyika as an Assistant Education Officer, though a graduate and was posted to Mpwapwa Secondary School in April, 1952.

On June 9, 1953, he was promoted as an education officer and was posted to Tabora Senior Boys’ Secondary School as a teacher from January 1954 to December 1958, when he returned to Mpwapwa as the Headmaster.

In September 1960, he went to Manchester University for further studies and met his death in a train accident at Guidebridge Station, Ashton-under-Lyne, on March 1, 1961, leaving behind a widow and eight children.

He was buried a week later at the Southern Grave Yard, Manchester, after the Government of Tanganyika decided not to bring his body back home.

The late Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere had all through wanted Mwalimu Mathew to resign from teaching and assist the late Mzee Abeid Amani Karume in the fight for the independence of Zanzibar.

Every time Mwl Nyerere was in Tabora he sent a taxi at night to pick Mwalimu Mathew for a discussion. However, Mwalimu Mathew was reluctant to join Zanzibar politics. There will be a service at the All Saints Cathedral at Vinghawe, Mpwapwa, where the Bishop’s throne and Canons stalls will be consecrated in his memory.

MAY HIS SOUL REST IN PEACE - AMEN

Friday, January 30, 2009

Kumbukumbu ya 'Kiatu' Iraq


Rais wa zamani wa Marekani, George W. Bush, anatamba kuwa ameokoa waIraq kutoka kwenye udikteta wa Saddam Hussein. Lakini waIraq wengi wanamwona mtu mbaya ambaye kaharibu nchi yao na kusababisha vifo vya watu wengi.

Leo, kuna habari kuwa' kumbukumbu ya kiatu' imejengwa huko Tikrit Iraq tena kwenye nyumba ya yatima. Hao watoto ni yatima kwa sababu wazazi wao walikufa kutokana na vita aliyoanzisha Bush huko. Habari zinasema kuwa baadhi ya watoto yatima walisaidia katika ujenzi wa kumbukumbu huo.
Mwezi Desemba mwaka jana Raisi Bush alienda kuaga waIraq. Akiwa kwenye mkutano na waandishi wa habari mmoja wao Muntadhir al-Zaidi, alimrushia rais Bush viatu vyake. Tendo la kumrushia viatu ni tusi kubwa huko Arabuni.

Kwa habari zaidi someni:




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BAGHDAD, Iraq (CNN) -- For the war-beaten orphans of the northern Iraqi city of Tikrit, this big old shoe fits.

A monument to a shoe thrown at former President Bush is unveiled at the Tikrit Orphanage complex.

A huge sculpture of the footwear hurled at President Bush in December during a trip to Iraq has been unveiled in a ceremony at the Tikrit Orphanage complex.

Assisted by children at the home, sculptor Laith al-Amiri erected a brown replica of one of the shoes hurled at Bush and Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki by journalist Muntadhir al-Zaidi during a press conference in Baghdad.

Al-Zaidi was jailed for his actions, and a trial is pending. But his angry gesture touched a defiant nerve throughout the Arab and Muslim world. He is regarded by many people as a hero. Demonstrators in December took to the streets in the Arab world and called for his release.

The shoe monument, made of fiberglass and coated with copper, consists of the shoe and a concrete base. The entire monument is 3.5 meters (11.5 feet) high. The shoe is 2.5 meters (8.2 feet) long and 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) wide.

The orphans helped al-Amiri build the $5,000 structure -- unveiled Tuesday -- in 15 days, said Faten Abdulqader al-Naseri, the orphanage director.

"Those orphans who helped the sculptor in building this monument were the victims of Bush's war," al-Naseri said. "The shoe monument is a gift to the next generation to remember the heroic action by the journalist."

"When the next generation sees the shoe monument, they will ask their parents about it," al-Naseri said.

"Then their parents will start talking about the hero Muntadhir al-Zaidi, who threw his shoe at George W. Bush during his unannounced farewell visit."

Saddam Hussein, the former Iraqi leader toppled by the United States in 2003, was from the Tikrit region.

Al-Zaidi marked his 30th birthday in jail earlier this month. One of his brothers said he is "in good health and is being treated well."

Al-Zaidi's employer, TV network al-Baghdadia, keeps a picture of him at the top left side of the screen with a calendar showing the number of days he has spent in detention. The network has been calling for his release.

By tradition, throwing a shoe is the most insulting act in the Arab world.